Membrane bioreactors employing hollow fiber membranes have become prominent as a effective technology for various biotechnological applications. These systems offer distinct benefits such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article pr

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors demonstrate a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These innovative systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate efficient mass transfer, cellular growth, and product formation. This comprehensive